King David is remembered for many things such as killing Goliath, contesting with Saul, taking Bathsheba and murdering her husband, and winning wars. But above all else, David was a man after God’s own heart as Paul attests in Acts 13:22 where he proclaims in the synagogue, “After He (God) had removed him (Saul), He raised up David to be their king, concerning whom He also testified and said, ‘I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after My heart, who will do all my will’” (see 1 Samuel 13:14). What made David a man after God’s heart wasn’t that he was perfect. He made some costly mistakes as humans do, but David was contrite before the Lord. There was not a king like him in all of Israel, and the Lord chose for the Messiah to come through his lineage.

While the world tries to sensationalize David’s life through TV shows and false drama, his life really was sensational in its own right. The Old Testament is full of amazing history that demonstrates God’s character, love, power, and righteousness in a fallen world. The world expects great leaders to come from noble families and for those leaders to have obvious outward appeal. Even the prophet Samuel expected this when he was commanded by God to anoint a son of Jesse as a new king in place of Saul because of Saul’s disobedience. When Samuel saw Eliab, David’s older brother, he thought that Lord was going to anoint him because of his stature, but God said to Samuel, “’Do not look at his appearance or at the height of his stature, because I have rejected him; for God sees not as man sees, for man looks at the outward appearance, but the LORD looks at the heart’” (1 Sam. 16:7). How often we look at the outward appearance and expect great things only to be misled or disappointed by the truth that lies beneath. But thankfully, we serve a God that sees the character and soul rather than the outward appearance. David wasn’t even present when Samuel met with Jesse and his oldest sons; rather, he was the youngest son tending sheep (1 Sam. 16:11). It is a pattern in Scripture that God chooses the younger son above the expected firstborn to do great things in His name (ex: Seth, Jacob, Joseph, Solomon). Imagine what that must have been like to be the youngest son, coming in from the field after being with sheep, and standing before your family to be anointed as the king of Israel. One would expect David to be smug or assume his kingship right away, but that is not the case. “The Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon David from that day forward” as it says in 1 Samuel 16:13, but David continued to be a shepherd for his father. He did not get ahead of God’s timing, but God worked to bring David to the forefront.

When the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, an evil spirit was terrorizing him so his servants said that someone who was skilled in playing the harp would help soothe him. So when Saul commanded for them to find someone with this skill, one of the servants knew about David who was not only a skilled musician but was also “a mighty man of valor, a warrior, one prudent in speech, and a handsome man; and the LORD is with him” (1 Sam. 16:18). David’s character spoke for itself, and God brought him before the king where he not only played for Saul but became his armor bearer (1 Sam. 16:21). Again, David did not usurp Saul but followed the Lord’s direction. Although David served Saul, he also traveled back and forth to help his father tend the flocks (1 Sam. 17:15). When David’s oldest three brothers went to battle with Saul against the Philistines, Jesse sent David to his brothers with rations and to check on their welfare (1 Sam. 17:17-18). At this point the Israelites had been standing off with the Philistines for 40 days, listening to the taunting of Goliath who challenged Israel to send a man to fight him. While all Israel was afraid, David stood courageous and told Saul that he would fight Goliath. David was not being proud, but rather, he knew that whoever would defy the LORD God would be defeated. He shares with Saul that he has defeated both lion and bear when defending his flock, and he will kill Goliath “since he has taunted the armies of the living God” (1 Sam. 17:36). This story gives me chills every time I read it because David’s faith and devotion to the LORD radiate off the page. It’s not only David’s fate that weighs in the balance but the entire fate of the nation of Israel. Yet in David’s heart, there is no outcome but victory because he knows the LORD God is on his side. What he says to Goliath is so powerful because it was not just for the Philistines to hear, but for Israel as well:

“You come to me with a sword, a spear, and a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have taunted. This day the LORD will deliver you up into my hands, and I will strike you down and remove your head from you. And I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, and that all this assembly may know that the LORD does not deliver by sword or by spear; for the battle is the LORD’s and He will give you into our hands.” 1 Samuel 17:45-47

David gave all credit and glory to God because he knew that Israel belonged to the LORD, and now the rest of the world, including Israel, would know it. With a sling and stone, David killed Goliath and cut of his head with Goliath’s own sword. From that day forward, David stayed with Saul and his son Jonathan (1 Sam. 17:49-18:2). Again, David was anointed to be king, but he was obedient to Saul and served him wherever he was sent. God blessed David who prospered and won the hearts of the people to the point where they sang that “Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands” (1 Sam. 18:7). This saying marked the turning point of Saul’s love for David as Scripture says that “Saul looked at David with suspicion from that day on” (1 Sam. 18:9). Saul even tried to kill David while David was playing music for him, but David escaped. Saul knew that the LORD had departed from him and was with David so he made him a commander of a thousand where David prospered all the more (1 Sam. 18:10-14). Even when Saul plotted against him in David’s marriage to his daughter Michal, the LORD allowed David to succeed and Saul’s daughter loved David, thus making Saul more afraid. Throughout the rest of 1 Samuel, Saul continues to seek David’s life while David lives for awhile on the run from Saul along with many mighty men who remain loyal to David. As we read in the Psalms written by David, he had inner turmoil during this time, but he always came back to his devotion and faith in God. Even when David had the opportunity to kill Saul and assume his rightful place as king, he did not kill him, saying to his men who encouraged him to seize the opportunity, “Far be it from me because of the LORD that I should do this thing to my lord (Saul), the LORD’s anointed, to stretch out my hand against him, since he is the LORD’s anointed” (1 Sam. 24:6). David was a mighty man of God not only in faith but in physical prowess, yet he did not consider himself to be above God but gave vengeance over to the LORD. When Saul realized that David could have killed him, he stated in front of all David’s men and his own, “Now, behold, I know that you will surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand. So now swear to me by the LORD that you will not cut off my descendants after me and that you will not destroy my name from my father’s household” (1 Sam. 24:20-21). As future king, David could have wiped out Saul’s family, but he makes a covenant with Saul that he would not destroy his name or his family. David also spares Saul’s life again as recorded in 1 Samuel 26 even while knowing that Saul will not give up trying to kill him. While David seeks refuge with the Philistines, Saul seeks a medium, rather than the LORD, to find out what he should do in regards to the Philistine army. This becomes the last act of Saul before his downfall in the battle against the Philistines. Saul’s disobedience led to his death whereas David’s obedience led to a kingship that reigns forever in Jesus Christ.

What we learn about David before he was anointed king before Israel was that he was humble, devoted to the LORD since his youth, and while he was capable of defeating predators and giants, he sought the LORD to win every battle rather than relying on his own physical strength and wisdom. David passed all the tests thrown at him before being established as king. Who would he become as the king of Israel?

In learning of Saul’s death, David didn’t do what the world would expect. He didn’t celebrate the death of Saul, but he mourned him and chanted a lament for Saul and his son Jonathan, with whom David made a covenant in his youth. David even killed a man who claimed to kill Saul at Saul’s request, thinking that he would win favor with David (2 Sam. 6-16). Rather, before killing him, David said to the man, “’How is it you were not afraid to stretch out your hand to destroy the LORD’s anointed?’” (2 Sam. 6:14). David took no pleasure in Saul’s death even though Saul pursued David incessantly in order to kill him. David entered his kingship with a heart turned to the LORD, and he was anointed king over the tribe of Judah in Hebron (2 Sam. 2:1-4). During this time, Abner, the commander of Saul’s army, made Saul’s son Ish-bosheth king over the rest of Israel (2 Sam. 2:8). David prospered in Hebron with more wives and children while Saul’s family weakened.  Eventually Ish-bosheth was murdered by his servants who brought his head to David thinking they would gain favor. Yet, like before, David viewed Ish-bosheth as anointed by the LORD and even called him “a righteous man” before killing the servants for their wickedness (2 Sam. 4:5-12). Again, David didn’t take matters into his own hands concerning Saul’s family but let the LORD handle it. All of Israel then made David king saying, “’Behold, we are your bone and flesh. Previously, when Saul was king over us, you were the one who led Israel out and in. And the LORD said to you, ‘You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be a ruler over Israel’” (2 Sam. 3:1-2). The youth who was shepherd for his father’s flock, who protected them from the bear and the lion, became the shepherd of Israel, protecting his people and leading them to safety and security in the LORD.

In 2 Samuel 7, the LORD reestablishes his covenant with David after David seeks to build a temple for the LORD. Rather than David building a house for the LORD, the LORD declares that He will build David’s house saying, “’Your house and your kingdom shall endure before Me forever; your throne shall be established forever’” (2 Sam. 7:16). Regarding a house built for Him, the LORD says, “’When your days are complete and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your descendant after you, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for My name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever” (2 Sam. 7:12-13). This promise is fulfilled through Solomon who builds the temple with the supplies that David prepared for him. Even after all that David has been blessed with, he continues to remain humble before God saying,

“’Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my house, that you have brought me this far? And yet this was insignificant in Your eyes, O Lord God, for You have spoken also of the house of Your servant concerning the distant future. And this is the custom of man, O Lord God. Again what more can David say to You? For You know Your servant, O Lord God! For the sake of Your word, and according to Your own heart, You have done all this greatness to let Your servant know.’” 1 Samuel 7:18-21

After this, David continued to have great success in every battle, but he was about to be tested at home. 2 Samuel 11 conveys the account that when David should have been out to battle in the spring, he decided to stay in Jerusalem. David was on the roof of his house one evening, and he saw a woman bathing. He was attracted to her and asked who she was. Even though he learned that she was Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite, one of David’s mighty men, he decided to take her and lay with her (vv. 2-4). When Bathsheba told David she was pregnant, David tried to cover up the situation by inviting Uriah back to Jerusalem under the false pretense of inquiring about the state of the war in hopes that Uriah would go home and have relations with Bathsheba. However, Uriah was so faithful and loyal that he didn’t think it appropriate to take liberties while the rest of the men were fighting and sleeping in tents (vv.6-13). Seeing that his plan didn’t work and making matters worse, David wrote a letter to Joab, the army’s commander, to place Uriah where the fighting was intense and withdraw from him so that he would die (vv.14-15). Unbeknownst to the contents, Uriah delivered his own death sentence, which was carried out. When news came back to David, he waited until Bathsheba’s mourning was over and then took her into his home to be his wife where she bore him a son. Scripture clearly states that “the thing David had done was evil in the sight of the LORD” (v. 27). Despite what some preachers and teachers may try to argue, the LORD God does not tolerate any sin, and David’s actions not only fall on him but his whole family.

The LORD sends Nathan the prophet to share a message with David, but instead of telling David about his sin directly, he uses a parable. Nathan shares about a rich man who had many flocks and herds and a poor man who had one lamb that he cherished and was part of his family. A traveler came to the rich man, but the rich man didn’t want to provide for him out of his own flocks so he took the poor man’s precious lamb and prepared it for the traveler (2 Sam. 12:1-4). When David heard the story, he was so incensed that he proclaimed that the man must die for his actions, and that “He must make restitution for the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing and had no compassion” (vv. 5-6). Then Nathan declares to David, “You are the man!” (v. 7). The Lord declares that He gave David so much, including Saul’s house and wives as well as all Israel, and He would have given him more (v. 8). He continues,

“’Why have you despised the word of the LORD by doing evil in His sight? You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword, have taken his wife to be your wife, and have killed him with the sword of the sons of Ammon. Now therefore, the sword shall never depart from your house, because you have despised Me and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.’ Thus says the LORD, ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you from your own household; I will even take your wives before your eyes and give them to your companion, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight. Indeed you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and under the sun.’” 2 Samuel 12:9-12

Upon hearing the word of the LORD, David confessed his sin before God, and the LORD says through Nathan, “’The LORD also has taken away your sin; you shall not die. However, because by this deed you have given occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born to you shall surely die’” (vv. 13-14). What is so powerful about the message in verse 13 is that before David made any sacrifices to God because of his sin (as required by the Law), the LORD had already forgiven David after his confession. Psalm 51, written by David, demonstrates his contrition before the LORD in regards to his sin of adultery and murder. Psalm 51:16-17 says, “For You do not delight in sacrifice, otherwise I would give it; You are not pleased with burnt offering. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken spirit and a contrite heart, O God, You will not despise.” Yet even though he receives forgiveness, there are still consequences for his sin, which he and his family pay dearly. First, David’s son dies as the LORD told him would happen. Before his child’s death, David fasted, prayed and lay on the ground for six days in hope that the LORD would change His mind and allow his child to live (2 Sam. 12:15-19; 22). But when the child died on the seventh day, “David washed, anointed himself, and changed his clothes; and he came into the house of the LORD and worshiped. Then he came to his own house, and when he requested, they set food before him and he ate” (v. 20). David didn’t act out of anger towards God for his son’s death, but rather he sought Him first and worshipped the LORD. He accepted God’s punishment because He is a just and righteous God. When David comforted Bathsheba and lay with her, she bore another son to David who was Solomon, and the LORD renamed him Jedidiah, “beloved of the LORD” (v. 25). While David was blessed with another son, who would one day be ruler of Israel as proclaimed by the LORD, the troubles in David’s family were only beginning.

In 2 Samuel 13, Amnon, a son of David, was in love with his half-sister Tamar. Instead of approaching her respectfully and asking David for her to be his wife, he took her by force bringing shame upon her and causing a family feud that ended in death and betrayal. Tamar’s brother Absalom was enraged by Amnon’s actions, and although David was angry, he didn’t punish Amnon. Absalom waited two years to seek his revenge, and he had his servants kill Amnon because of what he did to Tamar (vv. 28-29). Absalom fled for three years and even though David mourned for Absalom and wanted to go to him, he wouldn’t. Joab was able to help David see his error and convinced him to bring Absalom back to Jerusalem (2 Sam. 14:1-21); however, David would not see his son for two years. When Absalom finally came into the presence of the king, he conspired against his father by winning the heart of the people and staging a coup, making it appear that the people of Jerusalem made Absalom king in Hebron (2 Sam. 15:1-12). When David heard it, he fled along with his household and 600 faithful men, leaving ten concubines behind to keep house (vv. 13-19). When Absalom returned to Jerusalem as proclaimed king, he listened to the counselor Ahithophel’s advice and openly lay with the ten concubines left behind in order to show the people that he had become odious to his father (2 Sam. 16:20-23), thus fulfilling the LORD’s words spoken through Nathan to David. Yet the LORD was with David, and He provided another counselor that would thwart Absalom’s efforts by convincing him that Absalom himself should go out to battle against his father and his men (2 Sam. 17:7-14). Even though David charges his men not to kill Absalom, Joab ignores this instruction and kills Absalom while he is hanging from a tree (2 Sam. 18:9-17). When David hears of his son’s death, he mourns for him rather than celebrating that his men had won the battle, but Joab rebukes the king saying that he has brought shame upon his servants and family “by loving those who hate you, and by hating those who love you” (2 Sam. 19:5-6). David had a weak spot for his family, and particularly for his children. As king, he was responsible for putting the good of the kingdom above all else, but as one can imagine, David must have felt guilty for what was happening in his family, knowing that the consequence of his sin was the cause of family strife as foretold by the LORD.

After the incident with Absalom, David was restored as king and won more battles in the name of the LORD. But another sin that displeased the LORD was that David instructed Joab to number the people of Judah and Israel (2 Sam. 24 and 1 Chronicles 21). The account in 1 Chronicles explains that “Satan stood up against Israel and moved David to number Israel” (1 Chron. 21:1). Joab knew that this command was not right so he did not number Levi and Benjamin with the rest of Israel (1 Chron. 21:6). God struck Israel because of the census, and David confessed his sin; therefore, the LORD gave David three options to choose from as a consequence. David chose three days of the sword of the LORD, including pestilence, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout Israel. The result was the death of 70,000 men so David beseeched the LORD for His reprieve, asking for the consequence to fall on him and his household and not the people of Israel. The angel of the LORD stopped, and David was instructed to build and altar and offer sacrifices to the LORD. The LORD responded and ended the suffering in Israel. While David was a righteous man after God’s own heart, he still faced temptation, even by Satan himself. No one is impervious to the temptations of this world, but what matters is what we do when we fall into temptation. The consequences were grave for Israel, but had David not repented and sought the LORD, it could have been worse still. His mistakes and repentance are examples for us that we should inquire of the LORD first and to heed godly counsel when provided so that we don’t fall into sin. But when we do fall–and we all do–we should repent and make ourselves right before the LORD so that we and our family can be restored back to God.

In David’s final days, he didn’t rest as he could have, but made every effort to prepare supplies for the future temple of God that he knew his son would build. While some want to argue that Nathan and Bathsheba conspired to make Solomon king in 1 Kings 1 since Adonijah, David’s older son, sought the throne, 1 Chronicles 22:6-11 puts that theory to rest:

“Then he (David) called for his son Solomon, and charged him to build a house for the LORD God of Israel. David said to Solomon, ‘My son, I had intended to build a house to the name of the LORD my God. But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, ‘You have shed much blood and have waged great wars; you shall not build a house to My name, because you have shed so much blood on the earth before Me. Behold, a son will be born to you, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side; for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quiet to Israel in his days. He shall build a house for My name, and he shall be My son and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever.’ Now, my son, the LORD be with you that you may be successful, and build the house of the LORD your God just as He has spoken concerning you.’”

These words from the LORD were shared with David through Nathan the prophet in 2 Samuel 7, and the Chronicles account gives us more detail concerning what was said to David. Therefore, Solomon was always meant to be the next king of Israel, and he was destined to build a house for the LORD. This is further confirmed in 1 Chronicles 28:5-7 where David is speaking to the officials, princes, commanders, overseers, and mighty men of Israel: “Of all my sons (for the LORD has given me many sons), He has chosen my son Solomon to sit on the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel. He said to me, ‘Your son Solomon is the one who shall build My house and My courts, for I have chosen him to be a son to Me, and I will be a father to him. I will establish his kingdom forever if he resolutely performs My commandments and My ordinances, as is done now.’” Then David directs instructions to Solomon, summarizing what he has learned about the LORD and His dealings with humanity:

“As for you, my son Solomon, know the God of your father, and serve Him with a whole heart and a willing mind; for the LORD searches all hearts, and understands every intent of the thoughts. If you seek Him, He will let you find Him; but if you forsake Him, He will reject you forever. Consider now, for the LORD has chosen you to build a house for the sanctuary; be courageous and act.” 1 Chronicles 28:9-10

David knew he couldn’t build the house himself, but he made every effort to make preparations and help his son. He also gave Solomon the plans for building the temple as well as the divisions of priests and Levites and the weights of the gold for utensils and constructed pieces, after which David said, “All this the LORD made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, all the details of this pattern” (v. 19). David shared all that was prepared and provided for building the temple, and then in front of all the people, He prayed a prayer of blessing and thanksgiving to the LORD, including the following words:

“Both riches and honor come from You, and You rule over all, and in Your hand is power and might; and it lies in Your hand to make great and to strengthen everyone. Now therefore, our God, we thank You, and praise Your glorious name. But who am I and who are my people that we should be able to offer as generously as this? For all things come from You, and from Your hand we have given You. For we are sojourners before You, and tenants, as all our fathers were; our days on the earth are like a shadow, and there is no hope. O LORD our God, all this abundance that we have provided to build You a house for Your holy name, it is from Your hand, and all is Yours. Since I know, O my God, that You try the heart and delight in uprightness, I, in the integrity of my heart, have willingly offered all these things; so now with joy I have seen Your people, who are present here, make their offerings willingly to You.” 1 Chronicles 29:12-17

Although Scripture provides just a snapshot of the life of David, we can learn important truths from what the LORD has decided to share with us. Being a person after God’s own heart doesn’t mean that we have to be perfect. No one can be perfect and everyone sins. But as David did, we must begin with humility. While being anointed king, David remained a shepherd and let the LORD elevate him to his promised kingship. He placed himself under Saul’s direction and leadership until it was clear that Saul intended harm; yet even in those moments on the run, David sought the LORD and did not extend his hand against his enemy. Even when Saul died, David did not rejoice over his fate, but mourned him as the LORD’s anointed. When David committed sin, he repented and accepted the consequences for his sin, not straying from his allegiance and faithfulness to the LORD. He sought to raise up children dedicated to the LORD and did everything he could to prepare Solomon to fulfill his God-given task. His Psalms demonstrate a raw and open-hearted relationship with the LORD that always ended in rejoicing in the LORD because He is the all in all, Creator of heaven and earth, and the Rock of our salvation (Psalm 18). May we have a heart like David–repentant, dedicated, and worshipful before the LORD.

©Lauren Demuth